Diversity
Genetic diversity and inbreeding, explained
Every dog carries two copies of most genes, one from each parent. Genetic diversity describes how often those two copies differ; inbreeding describes how often they match because they trace back to the same ancestor. These guides explain how inbreeding is measured, how a dog compares with others, and why the number is context rather than a verdict.
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Genetic Diversity Percentile: What Your Dog's Score Means
A genetic diversity percentile compares your dog's inbreeding with a panel of other dogs. Here's how to read it, what the raw inbreeding number means, and why it's context rather than a health score.
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What Is COI (Coefficient of Inbreeding) in Dogs?
A plain-language guide to the coefficient of inbreeding in dogs: what COI estimates, how pedigree and genomic methods differ, why the calculation method and comparison group matter, and why the number is context rather than a verdict on an individual dog.
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Common Mixed-Breed Dogs: Six Patterns Explained
Six mixed-breed patterns people often encounter, popular designer crosses, why looks can hide ancestry, and how DNA adds evidence without pretending there is one authoritative national ranking.
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Want to see what your dog's DNA suggests?
A PuppyGenes report covers six sections for your dog: breed ancestry, coat colour, physical appearance, temperament and size predictions, genetic diversity and oral microbiome. The report does not include genetic disease or health screening.
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